Já existe uma parecida: Shakespeare Programming Language (SPL).

Não é exatamente igual à sua ideia, mas tem semelhanças: a estrutura do programa se assemelha ao roteiro de uma peça de teatro. Exemplo de "Hello World":

Hello - Shakespeare Programming Language.

Romeo, a young man with a remarkable patience.
Juliet, a likewise young woman of remarkable grace.
Ophelia, a remarkable woman much in dispute with Hamlet.
Hamlet, the flatterer of Andersen Insulting A/S.


          Act I: Hamlet's insults and flattery.

          Scene I: The insulting of Romeo.

[Enter Hamlet & Romeo]

Hamlet:
 You lying stupid fatherless big smelly half-witted coward!
 You are as stupid as the difference between a handsome rich brave
 hero and thyself! Speak your mind!

 You are as brave as the sum of a fat little stuffed misused dusty
 old rotten codpiece and a beautiful fair warm peaceful sunny summer's
 day. You are as healthy as the difference between the sum of the
 sweetest reddest rose and a pony and yourself! Speak your mind!

 You are as cowardly as the sum of yourself and the difference
 between a proud kingdom and a flower. You are as happy as the sum of
 yourself and the sum of a peaceful pony and a brave cunning hero. Speak your mind!

 Speak your mind!

[Exit Hamlet]

          Scene II: The praising of Juliet.

[Enter Juliet]

Romeo:
 Thou art as sweet as the sum of the sum of myself and a hero and a 
 cute cat. Speak your mind!

[Exeunt]

Dá pra testar online aqui.

Tem também a Poetic, que usa o tamanho das palavras como instruções (ou seja, pode-se escrever qualquer coisa, pois o que importa é a quantidade de caracteres de cada palavra - então qualquer texto, inclusive um poema, são programas válidos).

Enfim, embora não seja exatamente o que vc descreveu, acho que pelo menos elas podem servir de inspiração.